Pasta serveris CentOS 7. Dovecot + Exim + Roundcube instalēšana

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Pasta serveris CentOS 7. Dovecot + Exim + Roundcube instalēšana

13.03.2023, 23:01

Pasta serveri CentOS 7 var instalēt dažādos veidos, bet viens no izplatītākajiem ir izmantot Postfix un Dovecot kombināciju.

Postfix ir sūtītāja programmatūra un ir viens no populārākajiem pasta serveriem pasaulē. Savukārt Dovecot ir pasta serveris, ko izmanto e-pasta saņemšanai, izmantojot IMAP vai POP protokolu.

Kas ir Exim ?

Exim ir pasta pārsūtīšanas aģents (MTA), ko parasti izmanto Unix līdzīgās operētājsistēmās. Exim ir bezmaksas programmatūra, ko izplata saskaņā ar GNU (General Public Licence) noteikumiem, un tas ir daudzpusīgs un elastīgs e-pasta rīks ar plašām funkcijām ienākošā e-pasta pārbaudei.

Kas ir Dovecot ?

Dovecot ir atvērtā pirmkoda IMAP un POP3 pasta serveris Linux/UNIX līdzīgām sistēmām. Šī produkta stūrakmens ir drošība, un tas ir orientēts uz elastību un ātrumu.

Kas ir Roundcube ?

Roundcube ir tīmekļa e-pasta interfeiss, kas nodrošina iespēju strādāt ar pastkastītēm, izmantojot IMAP un SMTP. Programmai ir jaudīga funkcionalitāte, un tās iespējas ir salīdzināmas ar tādiem darbvirsmas e-pasta klientiem kā Outlook Express vai Mozilla Thunderbird.

Apache + MySQL + PHP instalēšana

Piesakieties savam virtuālajam serverim, izmantojot SSH.

Tālāk jums jāatjaunina sistēma, ievadiet komandu:

# sudo yum update -y

Pēc sistēmas atjaunināšanas parādīsies šāds ziņojums.

Instalējiet Apache

Lai savā virtuālajā serverī instalētu Apache, ievadiet komandu:

# sudo yum install httpd -y

Pēc instalēšanas palaidiet Apache:

# sudo systemctl start httpd.service

Pēc tam dodieties uz - http://ServerIP/ un pārbaudiet, vai Apache darbojas pareizi.

Ja viss darbojas pareizi, ievadiet komandu Apache automātiskai palaišanai virtuālajā serverī:

# sudo systemctl enable httpd.service

Uzstādiet MySQL (MariaDB)

Lai lejupielādētu, izmantojiet komandu:

# sudo yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y

Pēc lejupielādes un instalēšanas pabeigšanas nepieciešams palaist MariaDB:

# sudo systemctl start mariadb

Jāizpilda drošas instalēšanas skripts, kas noņems nedrošos iestatījumus:

# sudo mysql_secure_installation

Ievadiet saknes paroli, jo jūs tikko izveidojāt datu bāzi, tāpēc pēc noklusējuma tā ir tukša. Tālāk piekrītiet iestatījumiem, visur ievadiet"Y". Ievadiet jaunu paroli, apstipriniet to un vēlreiz apstipriniet izmaiņas ar"Y".

Tagad ir instalēta MariaDB.

Instalējiet PHP

Lai instalētu PHP, ievadiet komandu:

# sudo yum install php php-mysql -y

Tālāk restartējiet Apache, lai tas varētu palaist PHP:

# sudo systemctl restart httpd.service

Lai pārbaudītu, kā darbojas PHP, ievadiet jums ir nepieciešams izveidot failu, piemēram, index.php, izmantojot šo komandu:

# echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > /var/www/html/index.php

Tagad pārlūkā atveriet saiti - http://ServerIP/index.php. Jums jāredz lapa ar PHP parametriem.

Tālāk ir jāinstalē pakete MariaDB atbalstam PHP:

# sudo yum -y install php-mysql php-gd php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-mbstring php-snmp php-soap curl curl-devel

Pēc tam restartējiet Apache:

# sudo systemctl restart httpd.service

Gatavs. Virtuālajā serverī ir instalēts Apache, MySQL un PHP.

Papildu repozitoriju savienošana

Lai instalētu visus komponentus, ir nepieciešams pievienot papildu repozitoriju.

# sudo yum install epel-release

Vexim datubāzes izveide

Lai izveidotu savienojumu starp visām ķēdes sastāvdaļām, ir jāizmanto viena datubāze. Pievienojiet MySQL serveri:

# mysql -u root -p

Izveidojiet datubāzi, jānorāda sava parole:

CREATE DATABASE vexim;  
GRANT ALL ON vexim.* to vexim@localhost identified by 'password';  
quit

Instalējiet Postfixadmin

Ja nav instalēti visi PHP moduļi, ir nepieciešama papildu instalācija.

# yum -y install php-imap php-mbstring php-pdo php-mysql php-cli

Lejupielādējiet Postfixadmin un instalējiet to mapē /var/www/html/postfixadmin.

# wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/postfixadmin/files/postfixadmin/postfixadmin-3.0/postfixadmin-3.0.tar.gz
# tar xpf postfixadmin-3.0.tar.gz
# mv postfixadmin-3.0 /var/www/html/postfixadmin
# chown -R apache:apache /var/www/html/postfixadmin
# rm postfixadmin-3.0.tar.gz
# cd /var/www/html/postfixadmin > # vi config.inc.php

Rediģējiet config .inc.php konfigurācijas failu:

Dovecot instalēšana

# yum -y install dovecot dovecot-mysql

Pārdēvējiet noklusējuma konfigurāciju, lai nepieciešamības gadījumā varētu atgriezties pie tās:

# mv /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf-orig
# vi /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf

Saglabājiet šādus ierakstus dovecot.conf konfigurācijas failā:

## Dovecot configuration file

base_dir = /var/run/dovecot/  

auth_default_realm = site.com 

auth_mechanisms = plain login cram-md5 

protocols = imap pop3  

listen = *  

disable_plaintext_auth = no  

dotlock_use_excl = yes  

first_valid_gid = 5  

first_valid_uid = 25  

mail_location = maildir:/var/vmail/%d/%u  

mail_privileged_group = mail  

passdb {  

  args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-mysql.conf  

  driver = sql  

}   

service auth {  

  unix_listener auth-client {  

    group = exim  

    mode = 0660  

    user = exim  

  }  

  unix_listener auth-master {  

    group = exim  

    mode = 0600  

    user = exim  

  }  

  user = root  

}  

ssl = no  

userdb {  

  args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-mysql.conf  

  driver = sql  

}  

verbose_proctitle = yes

protocol imap {  

  imap_client_workarounds = delay-newmail tb-extra-mailbox-sep  

}  

protocol pop3 {  

  pop3_client_workarounds = outlook-no-nuls oe-ns-eoh  

  pop3_uidl_format = %08Xu%08Xv  

}  

protocol lda {  

  auth_socket_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-master  

  postmaster_address = info@site.com

}

Lai konfigurētu piekļuvi datubāzei, izveidojiet atsevišķu konfigurācijas failu dovecot-mysql.conf.

# vi /etc/dovecot/dovecot-mysql.conf

un ievietojiet tajā šādus iestatījumus:

## Dovecot database configuration

driver = mysql  

connect = host=localhost dbname=vexim user=vexim password=password  

default_pass_scheme = CRAM-MD5  

password_query = SELECT `username` as `user`, `password` FROM  `mailbox` WHERE `username` = '%n@%d' AND `active`='1'  

user_query = SELECT 93 AS `uid`, 93 AS `gid` FROM `mailbox` WHERE `username` = '%n@%d' AND `active`='1'

Exim instalācija

# yum -y install exim exim-mysql cyrus-sasl
# mv /etc/exim/exim.conf /etc/exim/exim.conf-orig
# vi /etc/exim/exim.conf

Mainiet noklusējuma konfigurāciju, saglabājot rezerves kopiju.

######################################################################

#                    MAIN CONFIGURATION SETTINGS                     #

######################################################################

primary_hostname = mail.site.com

hide mysql_servers = localhost/vexim/vexim/password  

domainlist local_domains = ${lookup mysql{SELECT `domain`   

                            FROM `domain` WHERE   

                            `domain`='${quote_mysql:$domain}' AND   

                            `active`='1'}}  

domainlist relay_to_domains = ${lookup mysql{SELECT `domain`   

                            FROM `domain` WHERE   

                            `domain`='${quote_mysql:$domain}' AND   

                            `active`='1'}}  

hostlist relay_from_hosts = localhost:127.0.0.0/8:192.168.1.0/24

auth_advertise_hosts = *

acl_not_smtp = acl_not_smtp  

acl_smtp_rcpt = acl_check_rcpt  

acl_smtp_data = acl_check_data  

qualify_domain = site.com  

qualify_recipient = site.com

allow_domain_literals = true  

exim_user = exim  

exim_group = exim  

never_users = root  

rfc1413_query_timeout = 0s  

sender_unqualified_hosts = +relay_from_hosts  

recipient_unqualified_hosts = +relay_from_hosts  

ignore_bounce_errors_after = 45m  

timeout_frozen_after = 15d  

helo_accept_junk_hosts = 192.168.1.0/24  

auto_thaw = 1h  

smtp_banner = "$primary_hostname, ESMTP EXIM $version_number"  

smtp_accept_max = 50  

smtp_accept_max_per_connection = 25  

smtp_connect_backlog = 30  

smtp_accept_max_per_host = 20  

split_spool_directory = true  

remote_max_parallel = 15  

return_size_limit = 70k  

message_size_limit = 64M  

helo_allow_chars = _  

smtp_enforce_sync = true  

log_selector =   

    +all_parents   

    +connection_reject   

    +incoming_interface   

    +lost_incoming_connection   

    +received_sender   

    +received_recipients   

    +smtp_confirmation   

    +smtp_syntax_error   

    +smtp_protocol_error   

    -queue_run  

syslog_timestamp = no  

######################################################################

#                       ACL CONFIGURATION                            #

#         Specifies access control lists for incoming SMTP mail      #

######################################################################

begin acl  

acl_not_smtp:  

        deny message = Sender rate overlimit - $sender_rate / $sender_rate_period  

        ratelimit = 50 / 1h / strict  

        accept  

acl_check_rcpt:  

  deny    message          = "Lookup failed"  

          condition = ${if eq{$host_lookup_failed}{1}}  

  accept  hosts = :  

  deny    message       = "incorrect symbol in address"  

          domains       = +local_domains  

          local_parts   = ^[.] : ^.*[@%!/|]  

  deny    message       = "incorrect symbol in address"  

          domains       = !+local_domains  

          local_parts   = ^[./|] : ^.*[@%!] : ^.*/\.\./  

  accept  local_parts   = postmaster  

          domains       = +local_domains  

  deny    message       = "HELO/EHLO required by SMTP RFC"  

          condition     = ${if eq{$sender_helo_name}{}{yes}{no}}  

  accept  authenticated = *   

  deny    condition     = ${if eq{$sender_helo_name}  

    {$interface_address}{yes}{no}}  

          hosts         = !127.0.0.1 : !localhost : *  

          message       = "My IP in your HELO! Access denied!"  

  deny    condition     = ${if match{$sender_helo_name}  

    {N^d+$N}{yes}{no}}  

          hosts         = !127.0.0.1 : !localhost : *  

          message       = "Incorrect HELO string"  

  warn  

        set acl_m0 = 30s  

  warn  

        hosts = +relay_from_hosts:4.3.2.1/32:192.168.1.0/24 #disable waits for 'friendly' hosts  

        set acl_m0 = 0s  

  warn  

        logwrite = Delay $acl_m0 for $sender_host_name   

[$sender_host_address] with HELO=$sender_helo_name. Mail   

from $sender_address to $local_part@$domain.  

        delay = $acl_m0  

  accept  domains       = +local_domains  

          endpass  

          message       = "No such user"  

          verify        = recipient  

  accept  domains       = +relay_to_domains  

          endpass  

          message       = "i don't know how to relay to this address"  

          verify        = recipient  

  deny    message       = "you in blacklist - $dnslist_domain n $dnslist_text"  

          dnslists      = opm.blitzed.org :   

                          cbl.abuseat.org :   

                          bl.csma.biz   

accept  hosts         = +relay_from_hosts  

deny    message       = "Homo hominus lupus est"  

acl_check_dаta:  

deny malware = */defer_ok  

message = "Your message contains viruses: $malware_name"  

accept  

######################################################################

#                      ROUTERS CONFIGURATION                         #

#               Specifies how addresses are handled                  #

######################################################################

#     THE ORDER IN WHICH THE ROUTERS ARE DEFINED IS IMPORTANT!       #

# An address is passed to each router in turn until it is accepted.  #

######################################################################

begin routers  

dnslookup:  

  driver = dnslookup  

  domains = ! +local_domains  

  transport = remote_smtp  

  ignore_target_hosts = 0.0.0.0 : 127.0.0.0/8  

  no_more  

system_aliases:  

    driver      = redirect  

    allow_fail  

    allow_defer  

    data = ${lookup mysql{SELECT `goto` FROM `alias` WHERE   

            `address`='${quote_mysql:$local_part@$domain}' OR   

                `address`='${quote_mysql:@$domain}'}}  

dovecot_user:  

  driver = accept  

  condition = ${lookup mysql{SELECT `goto` FROM   

  `alias` WHERE   

  `address`='${quote_mysql:$local_part@$domain}' OR   

  `address`='${quote_mysql:@$domain}'}{yes}{no}}  

  transport = dovecot_delivery  

######################################################################

#                      TRANSPORTS CONFIGURATION                      #

######################################################################

#                       ORDER DOES NOT MATTER                        #

#     Only one appropriate transport is called for each delivery.    #

######################################################################

begin transports 

remote_smtp:  

  driver = smtp 

dovecot_delivery:  

  driver = pipe  

  command = /usr/libexec/dovecot/deliver -d $local_part@$domain  

  message_prefix =  

  message_suffix =  

  delivery_date_add  

  envelope_to_add  

  return_path_add  

  log_output  

  user = exim  

address_pipe:  

  driver = pipe  

  return_output  

address_reply:  

  driver = autoreply  

######################################################################

#                      RETRY CONFIGURATION                           #

###################################################################### 

begin retry  

*                    *       F,2h,15m; G,16h,1h,1.5; F,4d,6h  

######################################################################

#                      REWRITE CONFIGURATION                         #

###################################################################### 

begin rewrite  

######################################################################

#                   AUTHENTICATION CONFIGURATION                     #

######################################################################  

begin authenticators  

auth_plain:  

     driver = dovecot  

     public_name = PLAIN  

     server_socket = /var/run/dovecot/auth-client  

     server_set_id = $auth1  

auth_login:  

     driver = dovecot  

     public_name = LOGIN  

     server_socket = /var/run/dovecot/auth-client  

     server_set_id = $auth1  

auth_cram_md5:  

     driver = dovecot  

     public_name = CRAM-MD5  

     server_socket = /var/run/dovecot/auth-client  

     server_set_id = $auth1

Postfix atinstalēšana

# alternatives --config mta
# systemctl disable postfix
# systemctl stop postfix
# yum -y remove postfix

Postfixadmin iestatīšana

Dodieties uz vietni http://server_ip/postfixadmin/setup.php un izpildiet instalēšanas norādījumus. Pēc superadmin izveides instalētājs jums iedos paroles šifrēšanas kodu:

Tas jāaizstāj config.inc.php failā (postfixadmin direktorijas saknē) šīs rindas vietā:

Pēc tam jums ir jāpiesakās ar izveidotajiem datiem, jāpievieno nepieciešamie domēni un pastkastītes.

Roundcube uzstādīšana

# yum -y install roundcubemail

Pēc instalēšanas jums ir jāpievieno config tīmekļa serverim, lai skripts tiktu atvērts vietnē http://server_ip/roundcubemail/.

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/roundcubemail.conf

Saglabājiet šādus datus:

#

# Round Cube Webmail is a browser-based multilingual IMAP client

#

Alias /roundcubemail /usr/share/roundcubemail

Alias /webmail /usr/share/roundcubemail

<Directory /usr/share/roundcubemail/>

        Options none

        AllowOverride Limit

        Require all granted

</Directory>

<Directory /usr/share/roundcubemail/installer>

        Options none

        AllowOverride Limit

        Require all granted

</Directory>

# Those directories should not be viewed by Web clients.

<Directory /usr/share/roundcubemail/bin/>

    Order Allow,Deny

    Deny from all

</Directory>

<Directory /usr/share/roundcubemail/plugins/enigma/home/>

    Order Allow,Deny

    Deny from all

</Directory>

Pēc ierakstīšanas jārestartē Apache:

# systemctl restart httpd.service

Turpmākai instalācijai izveidojiet datubāzi, šim nolūkam izveidojiet savienojumu ar MySQL:

# mysql -u root -p

un izpildiet vaicājumus (norādiet savus datus):

CREATE DATABASE roundcubedb;

CREATE USER roundcubeuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES on roundcubedb.* to roundcubeuser@localhost ;

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

quit

Tālāk ir jāatver uzstādīšanas programma http://server_ip/roundcubemail/installer un jākonfigurē.

Ar to konfigurēšana ir pabeigta, dodieties uz Roundcube http://server_ip/roundcubemail/, piesakieties iepriekš izveidotajā (Postfixadmin) lodziņā, veiciet iestatījumus un izmantojiet.