What are the differences between FTP, FTPS and SFTP protocols?

File transfer protocols are the foundation of working with any server. They enable users to upload websites, manage content, and maintain backups. FTP, FTPS, and SFTP are the most common options, but each differs in terms of security and connection features.

If you rent a VPS or plan to host a website, it’s important to understand the differences between these protocols to choose the best option for your needs and properly configure the connection.

What is FTP

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a basic file transfer protocol that was created in the 1970s and is still used today for exchanging data between a client and a server. The principle is simple: the client connects to the server on a specific port (usually 21) and can upload or download files.

The main characteristic of FTP is that it lacks built-in encryption. All data, including usernames and passwords, is transmitted in plain text. This means that in an insecure network environment, your credentials can be intercepted by third parties.

What is FTPS

FTPS (FTP Secure) is an extension of the classic FTP protocol that adds support for SSL/TLS encryption. Functionally, the process is almost identical to FTP: the client connects to the server on the standard port (21 or 990), but all data transmitted is encrypted.

Thanks to encryption, usernames, passwords, and files are no longer sent in plain text, which significantly improves security when transferring information — especially over public or untrusted networks.

What is SFTP

SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) is a file transfer protocol that is completely different from FTP and FTPS. SFTP operates over SSH (Secure Shell) and typically uses only one port — port 22 — which simplifies firewall configuration and improves connection management.

The main advantage of SFTP is its high level of security. All data, including authentication and transferred files, is encrypted. For this reason, SFTP is most commonly used for server management and is considered the more reliable choice for modern infrastructure.

Key differences between FTP, FTPS, and SFTP

For convenience, here’s a quick comparison:

These differences will help you choose the most suitable protocol depending on your needs and security requirements.

Which protocol to choose

The choice of protocol depends on your specific needs and security requirements.

• FTP is suitable when you need a simple and fast file transfer method within a trusted network where encryption is not critical.
• FTPS is a good option when working with legacy systems or clients that only support this protocol but where you want to add encryption.
• SFTP is the best choice for VPS, cloud servers, and any scenario where maximum security is essential. With SSH-based authentication, SFTP simplifies access management and firewall configuration.

If you rent a VPS at THE.Hosting, we recommend using SFTP for secure and stable connections. By the way, new customers can use the promo code HELLO for a 15% discount on VPS in any location — simply apply it during checkout.

Conclusion

FTP, FTPS, and SFTP are three distinct methods for transferring files between client and server. Understanding their differences helps you select the right option for your work — from simple FTP in secure networks to SFTP for maximum protection and management convenience.

THE.Hosting supports all these protocols, so you can use the best tool for your needs, regardless of your server location or configuration.